Making maps of Italy with R

Introduction

Using data from http://download.geofabrik.de/europe/italy.html Cookbooks that aided the process of building the maps include:

https://r-spatial.org/r/2018/10/25/ggplot2-sf.html https://r-graphics.org/recipe-miscgraph-map-shapefile https://bookdown.org/robinlovelace/geocompr/adv-map.html

Libraries

library("ggplot2")
theme_set(theme_bw())
library("sf")

library("rnaturalearth")
library("rnaturalearthdata")

library(tmap)

library(maps)
library(mapdata)
library(mapview)
library(dplyr)

this .shp file was downloaded from http://download.geofabrik.de/europe/italy.html

italy_shp <- st_read("C:\\Users\\Public\\Downloads\\centro-latest-free.shp\\gis_osm_places_free_1.shp")

ggplot(italy_shp)+
geom_sf()

names(italy_shp)
str(italy_shp)
tibble(italy_shp)

mean_population <- mean(italy_shp$population)
median_population <- median(italy_shp$population)
sd_population <- min(italy_shp$population)
min_population <- max(italy_shp$population)




mean_population
median_population
sd_population
min_population

summary(italy_shp$population)

# Create bins for population
italy_shp <- italy_shp %>%
  mutate(population_bin = cut(population, breaks = c(0, 1, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000, 10000, 12000, 15000, 18000, 20000, 22000, 30000, 60000, Inf), 
                               labels = c("0", "1-500", "500-1000", "1000-2000", "2000-4000", "4000-8000", "8000-10000","10000-12000", "12000-15000","15000-18000", "18000-20000", "20000-22000", "22000-30000", "30000-60000", "60000 +")))

# Count the number of towns in each population bin
population_bins <- italy_shp %>%
  count(population_bin)

# Print distribution
print(population_bins)

library(ggplot2)

# Plot histogram of population
ggplot(italy_shp, aes(x = population)) +
  geom_histogram(bins = 30, fill = "lightblue", color = "black") +
  labs(title = "Histogram of Population",
       x = "Population",
       y = "Count") +
  theme_minimal()

# Plot bar chart of population bins
ggplot(population_bins, aes(x = population_bin, y = n, fill = population_bin)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity") +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Count of Towns by Population Range",
       x = "Population Range",
       y = "Count") +
  theme_light()
    axis.title.y = element_text(size = 2, face = "bold")  # Y-axis title size and style
    axis.text.y = element_text(size = 2)                # Y-axis text size
    axis.ticks.y = element_line(size = 0.2)  

ggplot(italy_shp, aes(x = population)) +
  geom_bar(fill = "lightblue", color = "black") +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(
    x = "Type of Entity",
    y = "Count",
    title = "Count of Entities with Zero Population by Type"
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(
    axis.title.x = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
    axis.title.y = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
    axis.text = element_text(size = 12),
    plot.title = element_text(size = 16, face = "bold")
  ) +
  geom_text(stat = "count", aes(label = ..count..), hjust = -0.2, color = "black")

italy_shp$fclass <- as.character(italy_shp$fclass)

# Sample data with updated names
lng <- c(12.242, 11.715, 11.346, 12.050)
lat <- c(44.139, 44.340, 44.494, 44.223)
names <- c("Cesena", "Forli", "Bologna", "Imola")

# Create a data frame with the point data
points_df <- data.frame(lng, lat, names)

# Convert the data frame to an sf object
points_sdf <- st_as_sf(points_df, coords = c("lng", "lat"), crs = 4326)

# Plot the points on a map with labels
mapview(points_sdf, 
        label = points_sdf$names,  # Use updated names as labels
        legend = FALSE,            # Hide legend as it's not necessary here
        map.types = "OpenStreetMap" # Choose base map type
)

selected_fclass <- "town"

# Filter the data to include only the selected fclass values
italy_shp_mod <- italy_shp %>%
  filter(fclass == selected_fclass)

# Create a ggplot
ggplot(data = italy_shp_mod) +
  geom_sf(aes(fill = fclass), color = "black") +  # Add border color for clarity
  scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Set3", name = "Type of Entity") +  # Use a color palette
  theme_minimal() +  # Use a minimal theme for clarity
  labs(title = "Map of Italy by Type of Entity",
       subtitle = "Displaying different types of entities in Italy",
       fill = "Type of Entity") +  # Add labels and title
  theme(axis.title = element_blank(),  # Remove axis titles
        axis.text = element_blank(),   # Remove axis text
        panel.grid = element_blank(),  # Remove grid lines
        legend.position = "right")    # Position the legend

library(ggplot2)
library(viridis)
ggplot(italy_shp) + geom_sf(aes(fill = population)) +
  scale_fill_viridis() + theme()

library(leaflet)
leaflet() %>%  
 addTiles() %>%  
 addMarkers(lng = 11.715, lat = 44.340,  
            popup = "Imola")

# Create the leaflet map
leaflet() %>%  
  addTiles() %>%  # Add default OpenStreetMap tiles
  
  # Add marker for Cesena
  addMarkers(lng = 12.242, lat = 44.139, popup = "Cesena") %>%
  
  # Add marker for Forli
  addMarkers(lng = 12.050, lat = 44.223, popup = "Forli") %>%
  
  # Add marker for Bologna
  addMarkers(lng = 11.346, lat = 44.494, popup = "Bologna") %>%
  
  # Add marker for Imola
  addMarkers(lng = 11.715, lat = 44.340, popup = "Imola")

Towns displaying as points using open street map as the base map type.